What Are Broiler Chickens?
Broiler chickens are poultry specifically bred and raised for meat production, intended for consumer consumption. These chickens are genetically selected for rapid growth and are predominantly utilized in intensive farming operations worldwide. The majority of broiler chickens reach their market weight between four to six weeks of age.
Characteristics of Broiler Chickens
Generally, broiler chickens have white feathers and yellowish skin. They exhibit rapid growth, typically reaching slaughter weight from 38 days onwards. Additionally, these chickens are capable of producing a large amount of meat. For example, in the Ross broiler breed, the breast meat yield is substantial.
The rapid growth of these broiler chickens is attributed to genetic selection conducted by breeding companies over many years, not to the use of growth hormones.
Article: The Use of Hormones in Chicken Farming: Myth vs. Reality!
What Are Factory-Farmed Chickens?
Factory-farmed chickens are essentially chicks raised in confined spaces, away from open environments and sunlight. In fact, “factory-farmed chicken” is synonymous with “broiler chicken.” The term arises because these chicks hatch from eggs incubated in machines, hence the designation “factory-farmed.” These chicks are raised in enclosed environments, separate from their mothers. This practice has led to the common use of the term “factory-farmed chicken.”
Commercial Broiler Chicken Production
Over 70% of broiler chickens are raised in countries such as North and South America, Europe, and developing nations like China, Brazil, and Indonesia. Standard broiler chickens are grown in large, climate-controlled sheds with artificial lighting. These birds are bred for high production and efficient feed conversion. Due to their rapid growth, their feed and management conditions are crucial; otherwise, the flock may suffer from disease and mortality. The use of vitamins, minerals, and prebiotics and probiotics in broiler chicken farming contributes to the animal’s health.
Article: For detailed information on this topic, please read our comprehensive article: “Prebiotics and Probiotics in Poultry Nutrition.”
Principles of Broiler Chicken Farming
There are generally seven stages involved in bringing broiler chickens to the consumer:
- Breeder flock
- Pullet farm
- Breeder house
- Hatchery
- Broiler farm
- Processing/further-processing
- Distribution
The broiler chicken production process begins with the breeder flocks, their ancestors. Breeder flocks are grown on breeder farms until they reach maturity and produce fertile eggs. Pullets are hatched from these eggs and transferred to breeder houses. At this stage, the pullet eggs are collected after laying and sent to the hatchery.
After a short period, the newly hatched chicks are sent to broiler farms (or poultry farms). On these farms, broiler chickens are raised by workers according to company standards. Once these chickens reach their processing weight, they are sent to processing plants. The final broiler chicken products are then sent to distribution centers and ultimately sold to consumers.
Article: Hatching and brooding in broiler farms: A comprehensive review of the X-treck method and comparison with the incubator method.
Best Broiler Chicken Breeds
As previously mentioned, broiler chickens are a type of poultry specifically raised for meat production. Some commercial broiler chicken breeds reach slaughter weight as early as four weeks of age. Additionally, there are other broiler chicken breeds that may take up to 14 weeks to reach slaughter weight.
“Globally, the Cobb, Ross, Arbor Acres, and Hubbard breeds are predominantly used for broiler chicken production. In Iran, the native Arian breed is also widely used.”
Article: For detailed information about the Ross chicken breed, please read our comprehensive article: “Ross Chicken Varieties: From Ross 308 to Extra Heavy Ross.”
Article: For detailed information about the Cobb chicken breed, please read our comprehensive article: “Guide to Raising Cobb Broiler Chickens.”
Article: For detailed information about the Cobb chicken breed, please read our comprehensive article: “History and Guide to Raising Arian Broiler Chickens.”
Tips for Buying Day-Old Broiler Chicks
The quality of day-old chicks is crucial for poultry farmers. Good chick quality leads to better performance and reduces losses for the farmer. Factors that affect chick quality include the breeder farm, transportation, chick reception procedures, and more.
As a poultry farmer, consider the following points when buying day-old broiler chicks:
- Ensure the quality of the hatchery source:
- Make sure it is a registered and licensed facility.
- Pay attention to the track record of these farms.
- Ensure they have a good reputation among their customers.
- Pay attention to the breed:
- Determine if the breed is suitable for your region’s climate.
- Consider if it is compatible with your farming system.
- Consider the price:
- Purchase chicks at a reasonable price.
- Chick purchase costs account for approximately 10% of production expenses, which can impact your profit.
- However, prioritize quality over price.
- Do not buy chicks at any cost.
Article: We recommend reading our article “Buying Quality Day-Old Chicks” for more information on this topic.
Broiler Chicken Grow-Out Period
In broiler chicken farming, approximately 15 days are dedicated to preparing and sanitizing the poultry house for chick placement. The grow-out period for broiler chickens may vary slightly depending on the breed and characteristics of the chickens. Generally, chickens can be slaughtered from 43 days onwards. With this timeline, 4 to 5 grow-out cycles can be completed within a year. If 20,000 chicks are placed per cycle, approximately 45,000 kilograms of market-ready chickens and 40 tons of litter will be produced by the end of the year.
Optimal Broiler Chicken Housing Conditions for Successful Farming
Maintaining proper housing conditions and ensuring the welfare of broiler chickens in poultry farms is crucial for successful farming. By implementing the following practices, you can improve their living conditions and raise healthier chickens:
- Flock Density Management
- Poultry House Lighting Management
- Poultry House Ventilation System Management
- Broiler House Temperature Management
- Poultry House Humidity Management
- Broiler Flock Density
- Broiler Chicken Feeding Methods
- Flock Health and Vaccination
Stocking Density Management: Optimizing Broiler Growth Per Square Meter
Stocking density in poultry farming varies significantly with the age of the chicks. Typically, poultry farmers initiate with a segregated section of the poultry house and gradually expand the available space as the birds mature. Stocking density per square meter is also contingent upon internal environmental factors within the poultry shed, including ventilation rates, ambient temperature, and the accessibility of feeding and watering systems. Currently, the maximum stocking density under optimal conditions is 34 kg of live weight per square meter. However, a general guideline suggests a stocking rate of approximately 10 to 12 chicks per square meter for optimal broiler performance.
Adequate space is paramount for poultry welfare and productivity. High stocking densities can precipitate aggressive behaviors, including cannibalism, and increase the susceptibility to heat stress in poultry. Consequently, maintaining appropriate stocking densities is crucial for flock health. As broilers reach market age, thinning the flock through selective selling, a practice known as “density reduction” among poultry farmers, can effectively mitigate these risks.
Article: Causes and Treatment of Cannibalism in Broilers. This article provides a comprehensive overview of poultry cannibalism, encompassing its etiology, preventive measures, and treatment protocols.
Lighting Management in Broiler Chicken Houses
Lighting in poultry houses is crucial for maintaining a healthy broiler flock. Light penetrates not only through the eyes but also through the top of the skull, the pineal gland, and the pituitary gland near the hypothalamus in chickens. This process stimulates melatonin production, which establishes a proper daily rhythm.
Therefore, the lighting system in poultry houses is essential. For optimal efficiency, consider the following points regarding lamp installation and lighting:
- The spacing between lamps should be 1.5 times the distance from the lamp to the poultry house floor.
- Clean reflectors can increase light intensity on the birds and their feed by up to 50%.
- Clean lamps every two weeks. Clean lamps provide 1.3 times better lighting than dirty lamps.
- Avoid using conical reflectors, as they restrict light beams to a specific area.
- In floor-raised farms, lamps are positioned at a height of 7 to 8 inches, while in caged farms, they are placed in the aisles.
- Avoid hanging lamps with ropes.
- The light beam should be directed onto the feed and the birds.
In addition to these factors, the day-night cycle is important for the birds, as it stimulates the immune system, growth rate, and reproductive hormones. This improves health, immunity, activity, and alertness. Depending on the farming conditions, chick weight gain, and house management, the hours and days of darkness can be adjusted. Below are the general lighting principles during the grow-out period:
| Age (day) | The length of the dark period | Lighting program duration (Hours) |
| 0 | 24 | |
| 1 | momentry | 24 |
| 2 | 15min | 23:45 |
| 3 | 30min | 23:30 |
| 4 – 10 | 1hour | 23 |
| 11 – 15 | Increase the period of darkness by one hour each night until it reaches six hours | 18 |
| 16 – 29 | 6hour | 18 |
| 30 – 34 | Reduce the period of darkness by one hour each night until it reaches one hour. | 23 |
| 35 to slaughter | 1hour | 23 |
Ventilation System Management in Broiler Chicken Houses
Ventilation in poultry houses is crucial for broiler chicken farming. Proper ventilation not only ensures cleanliness but also maintains optimal temperature and humidity. Ideal temperatures allow birds to both breathe oxygen for survival and regulate their body temperature.
Therefore, the number of ventilation fans required and their installation methods are essential. In a separate article titled “Designing an Effective Ventilation System in Poultry Houses,” we have thoroughly examined the installation methods and necessary calculations for the number and placement of ventilation fans in poultry houses.
Broiler House Humidity Management
The relative humidity in the house from the moment the chicks arrive until the first week should be as follows:
- The relative humidity level should be 50-60% for the first 3 days of rearing.
- Humidity should be increased by spraying water on the side walls and the outer edge of the side guard, as well as the beginning and end of the house, 24 hours before chick placement and 72 hours after chick placement.
- To record and be aware of the humidity percentage, it is essential to have a hygrometer in the house.
- Relative humidity should be measured in the mornings one hour before sunrise and again in the evenings.
Furthermore, should you possess adequate financial resources to outfit your poultry farm, we advise the implementation of smart poultry farming technologies.
Broiler House Temperature Guidelines
The following points are crucial for managing broiler house temperature during the first week:
- The house temperature upon chick arrival should be 31-32 degrees Celsius, measured at a height of 15 cm from the litter floor.
- The heating system should be turned on at least 24 to 48 hours before the chicks enter the house.
- The house temperature should be recorded 4 times daily (every 6 hours).
- The optimal temperature should be measured at the litter surface. During the first 24 hours, this should be 31-32 degrees Celsius at the surface and 28 degrees Celsius at the litter depth.
Furthermore, temperature control should always be accompanied by humidity control. Both humidity and temperature levels must be maintained within favorable ranges. Aviagen, in their Ross 308 broiler performance objectives, outlines the recommended temperature and humidity parameters for broiler houses at various stages of chick development:
As you can see, Aviagen specifies temperatures relative to humidity based on the age of the birds. The ideal conditions for each age are highlighted in red. As shown, the most ideal conditions are at 60% humidity for broiler chicks.
Conversely, Cobb provides temperature and humidity recommendations according to the following table:
As you can observe, the recommended temperature and humidity are very similar to those provided by Aviagen for broiler rearing. The key difference in the Cobb catalog is that Cobb specifies temperature and humidity based on weight from 15 days of age, rather than age.
Cobb’s Guidelines for Broiler House Temperature and Humidity, based on Flock Weight and Stocking Density, are as follows:
By comparing the Cobb and Ross tables, it can be understood that until 6 days of age, humidity between 60 to 70 degrees Celsius is an ideal condition for broiler chicks. Also, at older ages, humidity between 50 to 60 degrees Celsius is considered the most ideal temperature for all ages of broiler chickens by Aviagen.
Cobb is also prepared to assist poultry farmers with a different perspective. Cobb has specified this temperature based on chick weight. This perspective is important because, depending on the conditions, chick weight gain may vary and differ from the catalog weight at a specific age. Therefore, it has announced the determination of temperature and humidity based on chick weight. Of course, as you can see, Cobb also considers a weight of 28 kilograms per square meter as ideal for breeding.
Another notable point in these two tables is the relationship between temperature and humidity. As you can see, with an increase in humidity, the appropriate temperature of the poultry house decreases. Also, with increasing chick age and weight gain, due to the increase in poultry house density, it is necessary to reduce the temperature. Approximately, the temperature of the poultry house should be reduced by about one degree every three days.
Ultimately, it must be said that both of these perspectives are suitable and practical for flock evaluation. During breeding, both methods can be used based on the conditions.
Broiler Chicken Feeding Methods
The most expensive aspect of poultry farming is their feeding. The goal is to achieve the healthiest flock with optimal growth using the least amount of healthy feed. We have previously discussed this in our article on animal and poultry feed, aiming for the best efficiency.
Further Reading: You can read the detailed article we have written on this topic here: Animal and Poultry Feed
Broiler Chicken Health and Vaccination
Another very important aspect is paying attention to the vaccination of birds to strengthen their immune system. Vaccination does not affect the quality of chicken meat, and since it is administered early in the rearing period, it is absorbed by the bird’s body from the beginning and then excreted. Therefore, it has no effect on chicken meat for the consumer.
However, in the event of successful flock vaccination, the vaccine significantly reduces flock mortality and disease outbreaks in birds. This not only prevents potential losses for poultry farmers but is also very important during outbreaks of diseases common to humans and birds (such as avian influenza).
Therefore, the method of vaccination and its timing are very important. If vaccination is not carried out properly and fails, the flock will become infected with diseases. That is why the method of poultry vaccination is very important.
The vaccination program in different geographical regions can vary depending on the involvement and prevalence of diseases. In general, poultry farmers plan the flock vaccination program after examining the level of maternal antibody titer and reviewing common diseases in each region.
Further Reading: In the article “The main reasons for the success and failure of poultry vaccination“, we have explained the issues in detail.
Broiler Chicken Farming in Small Halls
The capacity of mini-halls varies depending on the type and breed of chickens. In general, for broiler chickens, approximately 1300 chicks can be stocked in these halls.
Advantages of Broiler Chicken Farming in Small Halls Compared to Traditional Methods
It is clear that broiler chicken farming in halls is far superior to traditional methods. Their advantages include:
- Hall Ventilation: Improved and controlled ventilation systems.
- Heating and Cooling System Design: Design of heating and cooling systems according to type and need with minimal cost and energy consumption.
- Easier Hall Disinfection: More effective and efficient disinfection processes.
- Reduction of Bacteria and Pathogens: Minimized presence of harmful microorganisms.
- Healthier Flock and Reduced Mortality: Increased overall health and decreased death rates.
Where to Start for Learning More About Poultry Farming?
In a comprehensive article, we have addressed frequently asked questions in the field of laying hen and broiler chicken farming. This article covers more than 30 questions about poultry farming, diseases, and growth conditions, along with complete answers to each question.
What Types of Broiler Chicken Feed Are There?
Broiler chicken feed is generally divided into two types: complete feed and feed mixed with concentrate. Complete feed is a ready-made and complete feed that does not require the addition of any other ingredients. This type of feed, in addition to reducing dirt and waste, contains all the nutrients needed by the chicken in precise and principled proportions. In the concentrate method, the feed is prepared in mash form from crushed protein grains and then mixed with concentrate, which contains essential additives such as vitamins and minerals. It is worth noting that broiler chicken concentrate is supplied in mash form. The use of concentrate, in addition to creating more dirt, also increases labor costs. On the other hand, reputable companies such as Aviagen and Cobb recommend the consumption of pellet and crumble feed. Given this recommendation, pellet feed is preferred for broiler chickens.
Further Reading: For more information on this, please read the article “Broiler Chicken Concentrate or Complete Feed.”
Producer of High-Quality Broiler Chicken Feed
High-quality broiler chicken feed is a balanced combination of nutrients that meets the nutritional needs of chickens at different stages of growth. This feed should include protein, energy, vitamins, minerals, and essential amino acids. The quality of raw materials, the production process, and proper packaging are important factors in determining the quality of the feed. High-quality feed increases growth, improves feed conversion ratio, reduces diseases, and enhances the quality of chicken carcasses.
Choosing high-quality feed from among numerous producers requires a thorough review of product quality and company history. Poultry farmers in the northern regions of the country seek high-quality feed at affordable prices.
Jahan Kaveh Company is a leading producer of broiler chicken feed. This company, utilizing modern technologies and high-quality raw materials, produces high-quality products that comply with international standards. The feeds produced by this company, with precise formulations tailored to the needs of broiler chickens, increase growth and improve production performance.
Reasons for the high quality of Jahan Kaveh Company feed include:
- Use of high-quality raw materials with international standards
- Modern production technologies
- Precise formulation tailored to the needs of broiler chickens
- Rigorous quality control at all stages of production
- Excellent after-sales service and technical support
Product: To view the specifications and price of broiler chick feed, please click here. To purchase this feed, you can place your order via email or the “Contact Us” page. Our colleagues will contact you as soon as possible.
What is the Broiler Chicken Weight Chart During the Growth Period?
In poultry farms, broiler chicken weight growth is always monitored using broiler chick feed consumption per capita or the broiler chicken feed chart. These charts show daily consumption, cumulative consumption, and broiler chicken weight in kilograms or grams. The question that arises here is, what factors does this broiler chicken weight chart depend on?
In suitable environmental conditions and the absence of disease in the flock, assuming that vaccination and other environmental factors are appropriate, broiler chicken weight varies depending on the strain and feed. All producers of meat breeds state the daily weight gain of broiler chickens in their catalogs. Feed producing companies also state the daily consumption rate along with the daily weight gain in their catalogs, depending on the feed ration used. Below, we have provided you with a broiler chicken weight gain chart from the first week until the time of slaughter, along with the feed consumption per capita of Jahan Kaveh Company:
How to Use Broiler Chicken Feed?
The per capita consumption of broiler chicken feed is one of the frequently asked questions among those interested in the broiler chick farming industry. Factors such as broiler chick breed, chick age, and the type of feed used affect the amount of feed consumed. The importance of this issue is significant because 70% of chicken production costs are feed costs. Therefore, in the article “Broiler Chicken Feed Consumption Guide,” we have fully examined the amount of broiler chicken feed in a cycle and its daily consumption chart.
How to Obtain High-Quality and Cost-Effective Feed for Your Broiler Chicks?
Many poultry farmers are interested in preparing broiler chicken feed for greater self-sufficiency. Having a high-quality complete feed will increase efficiency, improve breeding performance, and reduce costs. To learn about the production and preparation method of feed for broiler chickens, please click on the link.
What Are the Reasons for Using a Broiler Chicken Weight Chart During the Growth Period?
Also, the broiler chicken weight chart during the period helps farmers to be able to answer the following questions:
- Flock Progress Monitoring: Serves as a benchmark for poultry farmers to track and achieve target weight gain at the time of slaughter.
- Feed Waste Reduction: The broiler chicken weight gain chart aids in identifying instances of overfeeding or underfeeding, thereby minimizing feed wastage.
- Broiler Chicken Feed Performance Evaluation: If feed performance is suboptimal, the chart helps in diagnosing the underlying causes. Factors such as temperature fluctuations, lighting schedules, and disease outbreaks can negatively impact broiler chicken flock outcomes.
Furthermore, the broiler chicken weight chart throughout the rearing period empowers farmers to address critical questions:
- What is the feed requirement for broiler chickens to reach market weight?
- What is the total feed consumption needed to nurture broiler chickens until maturity?
- What is the weekly feed consumption of broiler chickens?
- What is the growth rate of broiler chickens?
- What is the average weekly weight of a broiler chicken?
How to Assess Optimal Broiler Chicken Growth Trends During the Rearing Period
Throughout the broiler chicken rearing period, poultry farmers utilize specialized poultry farming formulas and relationships to continuously monitor flock performance. These calculations serve as vital tools, aiding in farm management and early identification of potential issues, enabling timely corrective actions. In our article, “Calculation and Review of Specialized Broiler Chicken Farming Formulas,” we detail practical formulas and provide a comprehensive Excel calculation file.
Article: Poultry Specialized Formulas and Relationships with Excel File: Broiler Chicken Flock Rearing Period Profit and Loss Analysis.
Broiler Chicken Slaughter Age and Market Readiness
The age at which broiler chickens reach market readiness varies depending on the target market weight in different countries and the specific broiler chicken strain. For example, in Europe and the United States, broiler chickens are typically marketed at a weight between 2 kg and 2.5 kg, while in Iran, the target weight is around 3 kg. This difference in target weight is primarily due to consumer preferences in chicken meat consumption. Iranian consumers generally prefer larger chickens. Therefore, in Iran, the sale of broiler chickens typically begins at 38 days of age.
It is crucial to note that striving to achieve market weight at any cost may negatively impact the feed conversion ratio, ultimately rendering broiler chicken farming economically unviable.
The slaughter age can vary depending on factors such as breed selection, suitable environmental conditions, market demands, and the overall health of the broiler chicken flock.
45-Day Broiler Weight: Average Broiler Weight Expectations
As previously discussed, market weights for broilers range from 2 to 2.5 kilograms in Europe and the United States, and approximately 3 kilograms in Iran. This discrepancy significantly impacts the slaughter age of broilers. As mentioned earlier, broiler weight varies depending on the breed and rearing conditions. However, under optimal management, broilers can achieve an average weight of 2900 to 3000 grams by 45 days of age.
Strategies for Accelerating Broiler Chicken Growth
To address this query, it is essential to acknowledge that each broiler chicken strain possesses a unique growth potential, as outlined in the catalogs provided by leading breeding companies such as Cobb and Aviagen. However, achieving optimal performance hinges on several critical factors, including: appropriate litter management, adequate ventilation, the use of high-quality broiler chicken feed, and comprehensive vaccination programs.
One of the most pivotal factors in accelerating broiler chicken growth is the health of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the rapid development of the chicken’s gut. The chicken’s GIT comprises a diverse community of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses (the gut microbiota). The development of this community commences from the time of chick placement and hatching. Bacteria are acquired from the environment, feed, and individuals who interact with the chicks. In this context, the development and health of the poultry gut play a significant role in efficient feed conversion and optimal nutrient absorption. A compromised gut in poultry leads to reduced digestion and nutrient absorption, thereby jeopardizing the health, performance, and welfare of the birds.
Article: Best Practices for Chicken Gut Health and Poultry Gastrointestinal Health
Common Diseases Affecting Broiler Chickens
Broiler chickens are susceptible to a range of viral and bacterial diseases, the most prevalent of which include Newcastle disease, avian influenza, infectious bursal disease (Gumboro), infectious bronchitis, salmonellosis, mycoplasmosis, and colibacillosis. These diseases can lead to respiratory, digestive, and neurological issues, as well as reduced growth and production in chickens.
In addition to viral and bacterial diseases, broiler chickens may also be affected by parasitic diseases such as coccidiosis and metabolic disorders like ascites. Yolk sac infection, particularly in newly hatched chicks, can result in high mortality rates. Prevention of these diseases is achievable through adherence to strict hygiene practices, comprehensive vaccination programs, proper nutrition, and effective poultry management. In the event of any disease symptoms, immediate consultation with a veterinarian is imperative.
Article: Fecal Examination as a Crucial Tool for Diagnosing Flock Diseases: A Comprehensive Analysis of Poultry Feces
Where to Market Broiler Chickens
If you are engaged in broiler chicken production, do not be concerned about sales. Chicken meat is one of the most popular meats in Iran and worldwide. If your poultry farm is small-scale, you can even slaughter your chickens at the local market. Otherwise, regional brokers or slaughterhouses will be the purchasers of your produced chickens. Additionally, you can find some of these buyers through online searches.
Pre-Slaughter Management Practices for Broiler Chickens
Prior to slaughter, poultry producers must adhere to specific management practices to ensure optimal carcass quality and minimize contamination. Feed withdrawal is essential to facilitate the emptying of the entire gastrointestinal tract. However, access to water should be maintained until one hour before the commencement of bird collection. The duration of pre-slaughter feed withdrawal should be sufficient to empty the digestive system without inducing undue stress in the chickens. Typically, this feed withdrawal period is approximately 8 hours before the birds are transported to the slaughterhouse.
Feed withdrawal before slaughter serves to empty the gastrointestinal tract, thereby preventing carcass contamination with intestinal contents during processing. It also minimizes fecal and residual feed contamination in the crop at the slaughterhouse. In situations of feed scarcity, birds may resort to consuming residual feed materials in the litter; therefore, it is advisable to dim the lights during this period.
Slaughterhouses deduct the weight of the crop and viscera from the chicken’s weight and subsequently purchase the pure meat from the poultry producer. Consequently, excessive feed consumption and substantial carcass yield reduction are not economically advantageous for the producer. Furthermore, a hygiene specialist is present at the slaughterhouse to identify and condemn any damaged or diseased carcasses.
Broiler Chicken Carcass Yield Loss at Slaughter
Typically, at younger ages, carcass yield loss is higher, approximately 25%. This figure decreases to 19% at older ages. This is attributed to the increased meat production at older ages. Conversely, younger chicken meat is of higher quality and more palatable. To determine the optimal slaughter age, poultry farmers must consider factors such as performance coefficient, market prices, and consumer preferences. Failure to do so may result in financial losses.
Broiler Chicken Farming from Start to Finish
In general, broiler chicken farming, despite its complexities, can be an enjoyable and profitable venture for an entrepreneur. Paying close attention to the rearing details outlined in this article will minimize potential losses and maximize profitability. When the chickens have grown and are ready for slaughter, the appropriate weight for slaughter is typically between 2300 and 3200 grams.
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